Types of Weirs

Waterworks was built across the river to the completeness or shunt, and are made to raise the water level with a fixed threshold so that the river water can be tapped and fed by gravity to the irrigation network. Excess water is transferred to downstream waterfall with a swimming eject in order to reduce energy.

There are 2 types or types of fixed weir sill structure of the shape are:

Fixed threshold of the straight edge to the right edge of the river means that as the threshold is a straight line connecting the two points by the river.

Threshold fixed winding like a sawtooth. This type is required when the length threshold is insufficient and usually to wide river with a small but substantial water flow. So by using this type will be obtained length threshold larger main, so we will get a large discharge capacity of devolution. Given the physical form and character hydrolysis threshold, it is advisable weir type of chainsaw is used on the channel.

In terms applied in the river must meet the following requirements:

Debit relatively stable

Do not take the form of material floating tree trunks

The effectiveness of the weir length is limited to water depths chainsaw certain.

Vertical Motion weir

This weir weir consists of a body with a low fixed threshold is equipped with doors that can be moved vertically and radially. This type has a double function, which regulate water level in relation to the dam upstream flood water levels and elevating the river water level to do with tapping water for various purposes. Field operations carried out by opening the door all at great flood or partially open door at medium and small floods. The door is fully closed at normal time, which is for the benefit of tapping the water. Weir type of motion is only distinguished from the form of doors, among others:

Sliding doors or sliding, widely used for the width and height of the openings are small and medium. Pursued the door not too heavy because it would require a larger lift equipment and expensive. Should the door fairly light but has a high stiffness that is not easily removed when shaking the dynamic force of water flow.

Radial doors, have curved doors (arc) with the arm joints door embedded in the wing walls or pillars. Construction like this is so that leaves the door lighter to removed using a cable or chain. Homing to the door can also be done with a hydraulic push and pull mechanical equipment that is embedded in the wing walls or pillars.

Rubber dam (weir Horizontal Motion)

Rubber dam has two main parts, namely:

The body is made of rubber dam

Shaped concrete foundation slab concrete as a rubber tube holder and include a control room with some equipment (machines) to control expands and mengempisnya rubber tube.

This dam serves raise water levels by body swell dam and lower the water by means shrunken. Weir body made of rubber tubes can be filled with air or water. The process of filling the air or water from the air or the water pump is equipped with a control instrument air or water (manometer).

Weir Bottom Sieve

This form of the weir spillway weir equipped with fishing line and filter. This weir water passed through the filter to make the water tank in the form of fishing line across the river and the water flow to the river to take to the irrigation network.

Field operations performed by allowing sediment and rock jumped over the weir, the water was expected to enter the fishing line. High sediment deposited on the sand catcher channels that periodically washed into a river again.

Dam construction

Barricade is a building of water with complete built across a river or a shunt that deliberately to raise the water level or to get high jump. Classification Weir:

A. Barricade by function divided into three:

* weir tapper

* Weir divider flood

* Retaining dam pairs

B. Weir structure:

* fixed weir

* weir motion

* weir combination

* Weir flower deflated

* Bottom intake weir

Building the physical infrastructure of the water is needed in the management of water resources.

The building is part of the spillway chainsaw waterworks, such as dam or spillway dam that serves to pass the river flow is controlled, the layout of the building is toothed like saws to increase the transfer capacity by extending the effective width of spillway.

Weir type saws are fixed weir spillway layout lighthouse resembles a sawtooth width to obtain a longer effective spillway.

There are some parts in the weir

* Body building weirs

* Intake building

* Rinse building

* building Supplies

Mercu weir dam is the top of the body where the flow of hicks can overflow to downstream. Its function as a determinant of minimum water level.

Forms lighthouse fixed weir:

Mercu round with one or two fingers to rounding

Mercu ogee type, SAF

Mercu width threshold

Lighthouse weir shape commonly used in Indonesia, which form rounded summit. This is because:

simple shape More resistant to impact rock gelundung Resistant to scratching or abrasion

High Mercu Weir

High lighthouse weir (p), which is the height between the floor elevation hillbilly / hick weir in the river bottom and summit elevation.

In determining the height of the lighthouse weir should consider the:

The need for obtaining discharge tapping and high press

High-energy needs flushing

High water inundation will occur

Perfection flow on the weir etc.

High lighthouse weir is recommended no more than 4.00 meters and a minimum of 0.5 H Long Mercu Weir

Long lighthouse dam or weir is also called the span width, the distance between the two walls of the base of the weir (abutment), including the width of the building and its pillars rinse.

building intake

Intake building is a building that serves as the weir stream tapping, to regulate the importation of water and sediment.

Consists of floor / baseline, doors, flood walls, the placement of the door pillars, saqmpah strainer, bridge waitress, raumah doors, and other fixtures.

Supplementary Planning Building

Complement the building is a building that is created as a way of supporting irrigation. There's several buildings complement of which is building a cross. Building cross consists of several building types include:

1. Culverts

Culverts in the form of closed channels, the transition at the entrance and exit. Culverts will follow the slope of the line as possible. Culverts serve as an open channel for the building did not sink. Culverts full flow when the outlet if the water in the sink or higher and upstream culvert length. Loss of high-energy total for culvert drowning is the number of missing at the entrance, friction losses plus loss on corners sewer.

2. building Falls

Building falls can be combined with other buildings such as cribs, culverts and bridges to reduce overall costs.

3. chamfer

Flum is a sectional gutters or artificial channel in which water flows with a free surface, which is across the basin, canal, river, road or along the hillside. This building can be supported by pillars or other construction. Flem and gutters or steel and concrete used to carry a small discharge. For ducts greater use of concrete or steel gutters. Gutters that come with the transition in and out. It may take protection against scour at close distances downstream of the building, it depends on the speed and soil properties. Depending on the height loss of available energy and operational cost, Chambers cuts planned by the same broad-sectional area channel, only its dimensions as small as possible. Sometimes the gutters planned building small spillway to regulate water levels and discharge at the downstream chamfer. The building can be made of concrete or steel pipe.

4. Siphon

Siphon used to drain water passing under the road, through the river or in the exhaust duct. Flow in Siphon follow the principles of flow in the channel is closed. Between channels and Siphon on income and expenditure required matching transition. Loss of high energy Siphon covers loss due to friction, and loss on Siphon twists and water loss on the transition in and out. Siphon order to function properly, the building should not be entered into the air. Siphon mouth should be below the water level upstream and mouth Siphon in upstream and downstream order made ​​streamlines. The depth of water above the top of Siphon (water seal) and the surface of the water depends on the slope and size Siphon. Siphon can be made of steel or reinforced concrete. Siphon should be used only to carry the flow channel or channels cut across where the exhaust can not be used culverts, bridges or gutters.

5. got Tilt

In the rugged terrain in which high-energy big difference must be addressed in a short distance and tertiary channel follows the slope of the terrain, sloping gutter will be required. Got siring consists of the entry, the transition, and a normal part of me grim.

6. road Inspection

Layout also includes tertiary road planning and road inspection farmers. Operation and maintenance of channels and tertiary buildings in need of inspection road along the irrigation canal to get to the box located at the tip / downstream. Because the vehicle is in use is a bicycle or motorcycle, then the width of the inspection is taken approximately 1.5 to 2.0 m. The road inspection for tertiary canal built with thick gravel base layer and 0.20 m in order to be strong enough. Best gravel for road construction material is selected from natural alluvial river that flows in the project area. The road inspection for tertiary channels can also be constructed with a base layer of gravel and / or Class B Aggregate foundation layer thickness of 0:20 m so strong. The stones that are too large loaf or ugly graded gravel should be avoided. In flat areas or swamps high street should be taken from 0.3 to 0.5 m above the surrounding ground.